Poultry Judging Practice Test 2026 – Complete Exam Prep

The shell gland is the correct answer because it plays a crucial role in the formation of the eggshell. This gland, also known as the isthmus, is part of the hen's reproductive system where the egg spends a significant amount of time before being laid. During this time, the shell gland secretes calcium carbonate and proteins, which form the hard outer shell of the egg. This protective coating is essential for safeguarding the developing embryo and providing strength to ensure survival during handling and transportation.

The other parts of a hen's anatomy mentioned in the options have different functions. The ovary is involved in the production of eggs but does not contribute to the coating. The vagina is where the egg passes through before being laid but does not play a role in shell formation. The cloaca is the common exit for the reproductive and digestive tracts, serving a different purpose entirely. Therefore, the shell gland's specific function in creating the egg's protective shell makes it the correct choice.